Everything about Gandhara Grave Culture totally explained
The
Gandhara grave (or
Swāt)
culture emerges from ca.
1600 BC, and flourishes in
Gandhara,
Pakistan ca.
1500 BC to
500 BC (for example possibly up to the time of
Pāṇini).
Relevant finds, artifacts found primarily in graves, were distributed along the banks of the
Swat and
Dir rivers in the north,
Taxila in the southeast, along the
Gomal River to the south. The pottery finds show clear links with contemporary finds from southern
Central Asia (
BMAC) and the
Iranian Plateau.
Simply made terracotta figurines were buried with the pottery, and other items are decorated with simple dot designs.
Horse remains were found in at least one burial.
The Gandhara grave people have been associated by some scholars with early
Indo-Aryan speakers, and the
Indo-Aryan migration into India, that, fused with indigenous elements of the remnants of the
Indus Valley Civilization (
OCP,
Cemetery H), gave rise to the
Vedic civilization.
The Ghandara Grave culture people shared biological affinities with the population of Neolithic
Mehrgarh, which suggests a "biological continuum" between the ancient populations of Timargarha and Mehrgarh.
Asko Parpola (1993: 54), argues that the Gandhara grave culture is "by no means identical with the
Bronze Age Culture of
Bactria and
Margiana". Tulsa (1977: 690-692) argues that this culture and its "new contributions" are "nevertheless in line with the cultural traditions of the previous period", and remarks that "to attribute a historical value to ... the slender links with northwestern Iran and northern Afghanistan ... is a mistake", since "it could well be the spread of particular objects and, as such, objects that could circulate more easily quite apart from any real contacts." Antonini (1973), Stacul and other scholars argue that this culture isn't related with the
Beshkent and
Vakhsh cultures of
Tajikistan (Bryant 2001).
In the centuries preceding the Gandhara culture, during the
Early Harappan period (roughly 3200–2600 BCE), similarities in pottery, seals, figurines, ornaments etc. document intensive caravan trade between
South Asia and
Central Asia and the
Iranian plateau.
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